![]() ![]() Unfortunately, as Francis Galton took an innate stance, this meant that for this researcher eugenics, or the selection of individuals with better innate traitsIt was a politically and socially useful measure. Since smarter people had a greater ability to adapt to novel situations, this was a great evolutionary advantage that had to be enhanced. This idea was also embodied in Francis Galton's theory of intelligence, who understood the intellect as a tool more created by evolution and the selection of the best adapted individuals. This discovery made Francis Galton, while recognizing the influence of learning and the environment on the individual, end up giving more importance to the innate and the inheritance received by fathers and mothers: after all, the effects of a constantly changing environment did not appear to be very significant on the twins' psychological traits, which remained more or less the same with the passage of time. That is, twins who were very similar at birth continued to look much the same years later, and those who were very different from their earliest years continued to be so in later stages. Studying the differences in mental characteristics of these twins over several years, he observed a curious thing: they could be very different or very similar, but this pattern rarely changed over time. That is, he resorted to studying monozygotic twins. To answer the previous question, Francis Galton decided to look for cases in which the influence of innate inheritance could be ruled out, which would allow to see the effects of learning. was this a sign that expensive education favored the development of great intellects, or is it that the biological inheritance of rich families tends to generate intelligent individuals? Nature vs. He had come to the conclusion that the smartest people were a minority and that this coincided with the more affluent minority, but. Seeing that statistics could be very useful to know the mental characteristics of our species and the way in which individual differences are expressed in it, he decided to use it to test the validity of his hypotheses about intelligence. ![]() These studies also allowed him to see that intelligence, like physical characteristics, is statistically expressed through a normal distribution: the vast majority of people had a level of intelligence very close to the average, while people with extreme values ( due to their very low or very high intelligence) are always clear minorities. #GALTON B2B SERIES#Galton designed a series of questionnaires to measure the traits and characteristics of population groups that he considered relevant, seeing that people of better social and economic position tended to show greater signs of intelligence than the rest. For that he used tools that began to be widely used in the 19th century, partly thanks to him: statistics and tools for measuring psychological characteristics. On the other hand, it was understood that education and the influence of the environment have an impact on who we are and how we behave, and that this incidence already has an effect in our first weeks of life, being confused with the first forms of expression of our genes.įrancis Galton counted on the fact that both heredity and learning mix in shaping not only our physical but also psychological characteristics, but he wanted to know which of the two elements explained a greater part of the variance in the human population. He was a cousin of Charles Darwin, who decades later would lay the foundations of biology by refuting creationism and Lamarck's theory of the evolution of species. Galton was born in England in 1822 into a wealthy family, which allowed him to be surrounded by an intellectually very active environment. This researcher, in addition to being a pioneer in various branches of science (including meteorology), designed some of the first tools for measuring intellectual abilities, which allowed him to reach interesting conclusions about human intelligence and its relationship with inherited characteristics. The study of individual differences, which today occupies one of the most important areas of psychology, has its roots in Francis Galton's theory of intelligence. ![]() ![]() The Foundations of Galton's Theory of Intelligence.Video: Eugenics and Francis Galton: Crash Course History of Science #23 Content ![]()
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